A test originally formulated to evaluate whether a defendant's constitutional rights were violated in the eliciting of a confession. It concentrates on looking at all the circumstances surrounding the alleged violation rather than only one or total loss two aspects, as had been the case before. It had been used as a measure of whether a defendant's privilege against self incrimination had been violated, but since the advent of the Miranda rule (1966), that use has become obsolete. It is now u...